The Reformation
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Look at the following video and answer the questions:
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Enquiry Questions:
1.What made Martin Luther so angry that he challenged the Pope?
2.What happened to Luther after he challenged the Pope?
3.Why did Luthers’s row with the Pope cause Germany and Europe to become divided?
1.What made Martin Luther so angry that he challenged the Pope?
He wrote to his local bishop, Albrecht of Mainz, on 31st October, 1517. The following is an extract from the letter:
(Source A) "Papal indulgences for the building of St. Peter’s are circulating under your most distinguished name, and as regards them, I do not bring accusation against the outcries of the preachers, which I have not heard, so much as I grieve over the wholly false impressions which the people have conceived from them … the unhappy souls believe that if they have purchased letters of indulgence they are sure of their salvation; again, that so soon as they cast their contributions into the money-box, souls fly out of purgatory …" http://www.iclnet.org/pub/resources/text/wittenberg/luther/nine5-albrecht.txt (Source B) This contemporary woodcut, shows John Tetzel (on horseback) preaching about the indulgence. The writing alongside contains the following rhyme: ‘As soon as the gold in the basin rings, Right then the soul to heaven springs’. http://www.life.com/news-pictures/72385223/john-tetzel-aka-johann-tetzel-a-16th-century-dominican |
2.What happened to Luther after he challenged the Pope?
1521, 3rd January The Pope excommunicated Luther. People now expected that Luther would be declared an outlaw by the Emperor, Charles V.
1521, April Luther travelled to the Diet of Worms. His local ruler, Frederick the Wise of Saxony, demanded that he be allowed to travel there safely and not be declared an outlaw, at least until he had been given a chance to explain himself. On the way to Worms, he preached at a number of towns (Erfurt, Gotha, Eisenach). When he arrived in Worms on 16th April, he received a hero’s welcome from many of the people who were there. When he appeared before the Emperor, Charles V (twice), he refused to recant his teachings. He was allowed to leave Worms on 25th April. After he left, the Emperor issued an edict declaring him an outlaw. Many accounts of the episode were quickly published, among them this very rare anonymous tract (see across): An Account of How Dr. Martin Luther Was Brought by His Imperial Majesty to the Diet at Worms. How He was Heard in Person, and How He was Treated There. In conclusion he spoke the words, "God help me." |
3.Why did Luthers’s row with the Pope cause Germany and Europe to become divided?
From the beginning, Luther had many supporters, such as Frederick of Saxony (who died in 1525), and many opponents, such as Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor.
(Frederick was later replaced by Johann of Saxony.)
While Charles V wished to protect the Catholic Church in Germany, local rulers like Frederick who supported Luther wanted reformed churches based on Luther’s ideas set up in their territories.
For a while, Charles tried to maintain peace by allowing local rulers to decide whether or not to go along with Luther’s reforms
From the beginning, Luther had many supporters, such as Frederick of Saxony (who died in 1525), and many opponents, such as Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor.
(Frederick was later replaced by Johann of Saxony.)
While Charles V wished to protect the Catholic Church in Germany, local rulers like Frederick who supported Luther wanted reformed churches based on Luther’s ideas set up in their territories.
For a while, Charles tried to maintain peace by allowing local rulers to decide whether or not to go along with Luther’s reforms
Slideshow on English Reformation
Quiz 1
- What were the 3 main causes of the reformation? (3)
- What was Simony?
- What was Nepotism?
- What 2 abuses were a result of greedy bishops? (2)
- Where was Martin Luther born?
- What was his belief about salvation? (2)
- Why did John Tetzel go to Mainz? (2)
- How did Martin Luther react? (2)
- Why did the Pope feel threatened by Luther's actions?
- How did the Pope respond? (2)
- Why did Luther refuse to recant or fear being excommunicated?
- What was the Diet of Worms? (2)
- Who offered Luther shelter?
- What did Luther do at the castle at Wartburg?
- What was the counter reformation?
- Which pope agreed to the reform? Why? (2)
- Give 4 pieces of information about the council of Trent. (4)
- Who founded the Jesuits? (2)
- What did the Jesuits do? (2)
- What was "persecution"?
- Name one famous example of religious persecution during this time.
- What was a heretic?
- What happened to people accused of being heretics? (2)
- What caused the civil war in the Holy Roman Empire?
- What was the Peace of Augsburg? (2)
Quiz 2
- When and where was John Calvin born? (2)
- Who was he influenced by?
- What was the name of his book?
- What did he mean by the term predestination?
- List 3 of his other beliefs. (3)
- Who gave services in Calvin's church?
- Who looked after the sick?
- What was another name for the elders and what did they do? (2)
- List 3 rules in Calvin's church.(3)
- Name 2 ways sinners were punished. (2)
- Who brought Presbyterianism to Scotland?
- What were Calvin's followers called in France and Eng/USA. (2)
- What did the Pope call Henry VIII of England? Why?
- Who was he married to?
- Why did he want to annul his marriage? (2)
- Who objected to the annulment and why?
- Who was Thomas Crammer?
- What did Parliament do to change the church in England?
- What was the dissolution of the monasteries?
- How was Henry's church different to Luther's and Calvin's?
- What was the religion of England in the years that followed Henry VIII's death? (3)